Self study gcse lesson on alkanes teaching resources. This contains rather less material than the gcse book because it only. These common names make use of prefixes, such as iso, sec, tert, and neo. Designed by expert teachers for the edexcel gcse 91 chemistry. Nomenclature of organic chemistry 1979 and clarified in a guide to iupac nomenclature of organic compounds recommendations 1993. The alkanes range in complexity from the simplest case of methane. A gcse chemistry revision video providing an introduction to alkanes including structure, naming and drawing. This is because each molecule is identical in terms of types of atom and bonds present, the only difference being the regular increase in mass. Alkane is the general term for all the chains of carbon that have only single bonds. Pentane only refers to a straight chain of 5 carbon atoms singly bonded to hydrogen atoms.
The focus is on the summarizing of the physical and chemical data for a wide variety of lipids, concentrating in particular on the changes in state and structure that occur with changes in temperature and during lipidwater and. Hydrocarbons are chain molecules of varying lengths made from hydrogen and carbon atoms only, joined together by covalent bonds. Features of o level chemistry book makes chemistry drawing in, clear and straightforward captivating section openers with alluring. The book is now out of print, but if you are interested, you may be able to obtain a secondhand copy from. Crude oil has been described as a complex mixture of hydrocarbons. B halogenation halogenation a substitution reaction. Alevel chemistry help lastminute alevel chemistry revision. In organic chemistry, an alkane, or paraffin a historical name that also has other meanings, is an acyclic saturated hydrocarbon. This website and its content is subject to our terms and conditions. The sequence starts with c 3 h 8, and a ch 2 unit is added in each step moving up the series.
For example, as the chain length increases, their boiling point increases. Gcse chemistry crude oil and alkanes edexcel 91 youtube. Alkanes saturated hydrocarbons doc browns chemistry. This video relates to the edexcel 91 gcse chemistry specification. At room temperature and at atmospheric pressure, the c 1 methane through c 4 nbutane alkanes are gaseous. The members of such a series, called homologs, have properties that vary in a regular and. Gcse chemistry crude oil and alkanes aqa 91 youtube. Naming alkanes naming alkanes can be difficult because each alkane consists of a parent chain and one or more branches. Hydrocarbons on apple books apple books apple apple. Alkanes are the main constituent of crude oil, which is an important raw material for the chemical industry. Therefore, it needs to be separated into its different products called fractions.
This video relates to the aqa 91 gcse chemistry specification which will. Branched alkanes containing three or more carbon atoms in their longest chain have isomers with unique names iii. Video on alkanes and alkenes for gcse students studying for core science chemistry. Organic chemistry gcse chemistry revision bbc bitesize.
Learn about crude oil, hydrocarbons and alkanes with bitesize gcse chemistry aqa. The alkanes are a homologous series of hydrocarbons. This means that their carbon atoms are joined to each other by single bonds. Halogenation is the replacement of one or more hydrogens in an organic compound with halogen atoms. Check out more of our aqa gcse science videos and revision. If you are simply interested in a generalpurpose introduction to chemistry for 14 16 yearolds, you might be better looking at my edexcel igcse chemistry book. Alkanes are the typical oils used in many nonpolar solvents and they do not mix with water. The book provides a complete match to the edexcel london examinations gcse chemistry specification.
Alkanes the rain in spain comes mostly from alkanes. In other words, if there is methyl group located on the second carbon of a carbon chain, we can use the prefix iso. You need to know about alkanes, alkenes, crude oil and the process of cracking. Oxford aqa international a level chemistry answers. This book covers the crude oil, hydrocarbons, alkanes and alkenes topic within the gcse science specification. Alkanes aqa gcse chemistry single science revision aqa. Gcse science a chemistry foundation tier unit chemistry c1 thursday 18 may 2017 morning time allowed.
Saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons, structure and uses. Here are the equations for the complete combustion of propane, used in bottled gas. Alkanes hydrocarbons gcse chemistry single science revision. Organic chemistry now forms a substantial part of the gcse specifications. This is lesson 5 of a 7 lesson unit on hydrocarbons. Check out more of our edexcel gcse science videos and revision. In other words, an alkane consists of hydrogen and carbon atoms arranged in a tree structure in which all the carboncarbon bonds are single. This is because alkanes are the simple and carefree version. Alkanes organic chemistry gcse chemistry revision youtube. The prefix iso, which stands for isomer, is commonly given to 2methyl alkanes. Branched alkanes normally exhibit lower boiling points than unbranched alkanes of the same carbon content.
Gce o level chemistry matters book by tan yin toon gce o level chemistry matters course book is composed in arrangement with the most recent gce ordinary level chemistry syllabus by the ministry of education, singapore. Alkanes are useful as fuels and alkenes are used to make chemicals such as plastic. Combustion alkanes and alkenes gcse chemistry single. The properties of alkanes, and the specific trends you can observe as the length of carbon chain increases the equation for the combustion of alkanes how to.
The ratio of carbon atoms to hydrogen atoms in alkanes is always in the form of n. Isomers of an alkane are two or more alkanes with the same molecular formula but a different structure. Alkanes are also used as fuels and the environmental consequences of. Learn gcse chemistry alkanes with free interactive flashcards. Choose from 500 different sets of gcse chemistry alkanes flashcards on quizlet.
To help you check your progress and understanding, the answers for the end of chapter questions in international a level chemistry for oxford international aqa examinations are available here. Hydrocarbons, alkanes, alkenes, fractional distillation, crude oil, addition reactions, combustion. An interactive cd rom, supporting study and revision, and practical work, is included. We have a selection of great videos for use in the classroom. Alkanes gcse chemistry single science revision other bbc. This means that they have similar chemical properties to each other and they have trends in physical properties. The longer the alkane the more ways there are to rearrange the atoms differently. A systematic method for the naming of many organic compounds is contained in the iupac publication. This book is oriented toward understanding the structure, function, and behavior of lipids in biological systems.
Gcse chemistry revision organic chemistry crude oil. Aqa gcse 9 1 chemistry student book by collins issuu. Alkanes alkanes are hydrocarbons that only consist of single bonds. Doc browns gcseigcseo level ks4 science chemistry revision notes. This lesson focuses on naming branched and difficult structures of alkanes and alkenes. Gcse chemistry index page what is an alkane gcse science. The unbranched alkanes methane, ethane, propane, and butane are gases.
Tes global ltd is registered in england company no 02017289 with its registered office at 26 red lion square london wc1r 4hq. These are organic molecules that consist only of hydrogen and carbon atoms in a treeshaped structure acyclic or not a ring. Longer alkanes have structural isomers different arrangements of the same atoms so the formula is the same. The similar electronegativities of carbon and hydrogen give molecules which are nonpolar. Alkanes and alkenes are both families of hydrocarbons. Covalent bonds are formed when atoms share pair of electrons.
As the number of carbon atoms in a straight chain alkane increases, the boiling points rise in a uniform and predictable manner. Ii alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes school of chemistry and. Alkanes are less dense than water and swim on top of water 2. Structures and names of alkanes chemistry libretexts. I had made a table comparing all the difference between alkanes and alkenes.
This video covers the properties of alkanes and also explains how to name and draw alkane molecules for students studying for gcse and olevel chemistry exam. Organic chemistry alkanes and alkenes melting point. Powerpoint going through key points and activities for teaching alkenes and alkanes. Alkanes crude oil, hydrocarbons and alkanes aqa gcse. The powerpoint includes theory and activities to be completed throughout the lesson. It can be used to aid learning of the topic or as a revision resource. Any family of compounds in which adjacent members differ from each other by a definite factor here a ch 2 group is called a homologous series. Introduction of a halogen into a molecule chlorination, bromination general reaction. Certain branched alkanes have common names that are still widely used today. Issuu is a digital publishing platform that makes it simple to publish magazines, catalogs, newspapers, books, and more online. Alkanes contain only ch and cc bonds, which are relatively strong and difficult to break.
These videos can be used in a flipped classroom model or as a revision aid. Edexcel international gcse chemistry student book issuu. Easily share your publications and get them in front of issuus. International case studies are used throughout, localising learning. This is done by a process called fractional distillation.
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